Renal Transplantation in the Setting of Prior Urinary Diversion: A Case of Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma in an Ileal Conduit

Though rare, renal transplantation into a bowel containing urinary diversion is necessary in select clinical situations. Compared to renal transplant patients with functional native bladders, patients with urinary diversion have comparable long-term graft and patient survival rates. However, compounding the increased risk of malignancy in those on chronic immunosuppression are the inherent risks of urinary diversion. We present a case report of a high grade adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation arising in an ileal conduit and discussion on the pathophysiology, management, and screening of this highly select population.